German levels A1 to C2 explained
The levels of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) describe what you can do with a language — not how much grammar you know. That distinction matters for exam preparation.
The six levels
- A1: simple sentences on very familiar topics, introducing yourself.
- A2: routine situations, short descriptions of background and surroundings.
- B1: understanding main points, describing experiences, justifying opinions.
- B2: understanding complex texts, discussing spontaneously and fluently.
- C1: grasping implicit meaning, expressing yourself in a structured, nuanced way.
- C2: understanding effortlessly and formulating very precisely for the situation.
How long is a level?
As a rule of thumb, 150 to 250 teaching units per level, rising as you go up. For most learners the B2-to-C1 jump takes longest, because precision and register are added.
Which exam suits which level
Goethe and ÖSD offer exams from A1 to C2, telc covers A1 to C1. For university admission, TestDaF or DSH at C1 are standard. What matters is which certificate the receiving body accepts.
Frequently asked questions
What level do I need to work in Germany?
Many jobs require B1 or B2; care and health professions often require B2, and academic roles sometimes C1.
How do I find out my current level?
Sit one full mock exam at the level you suspect. A timed result is far more informative than a short placement quiz.
Can I skip a level?
In exam terms yes — you can sit B2 without holding B1. Linguistically the jump is rarely a good idea.
What does CEFR mean?
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, a Europe-wide standard for describing language ability.